Comparison of the Effect of 8-Week Rebound Therapy-Based Exercise Program and Weight-Supported Exercises on the Range of Motion, Proprioception, and the Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive disorder that mainly affects the central nervous system and, consequently, the patient's functional status. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8-week rebound therapy-based exercise program and weight-supported exercises on the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life in patients with PD. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of weight-bearing exercises and rebound exercise with no significant differences in age, weight, and height. The variables of the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life were assessed in pre- and posttest. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and t-test at a significant level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: All of the variables in the two groups were significantly improved after 8 weeks of exercise, whereas the improvement rate in the rebound therapy group was more than the weight-bearing exercises group in range of motion (134.60 ± 13.22 vs. 118.38 ± 12.48), proprioception (7.60 ± 3.22 vs. 10.38 ± 2.48), and the quality of life (147.60 ± 13.22 vs. 118.38 ± 12.48) of the patients (P < 0.001 for all variables). CONCLUSIONS: Given that both rebound and weight-supported exercises are effective on improving the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life of people with PD, it is recommended that the benefits of these exercises to be used in physical rehabilitation programs. However, rebound therapy exercises have had a greater effect on people with PD, and it seems better to use these exercises more than others.

Evaluation of Dietary Intakes, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Adolescent Team Sports Elite Athletes: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional intake is an important issue in adolescent athletes. Proper athletes' performance is a multifactorial outcome of good training, body composition, and nutritional status. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional status, body composition, and cardiometabolic factors in adolescent elite athlete's province of Isfahan, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 100 adolescent elite athletes from volleyball, basketball, and soccer teams were selected for the study. Demographic, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters were assessed. Nutritional intakes of participants were recorded using three 24-h recall questioners. RESULTS: Thirty-four female athletes and 66 male athletes participated in this study. Body mass index had not significantly different between the sexes. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, and fat intakes were significantly higher in male athletes (P = 0.02), but calcium and folic acid intakes were not significantly different between the sexes, and Vitamin D intake was significantly higher in females (P = 0.01). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in males (P = 0.04) and heart rate had not significantly different between the sexes (P = 0.09). Heart murmurs and heart sounds in the majority of participants were normal. CONCLUSION: All the evaluated anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters were in normal range in the majority of participants. The results showed that dietary intake in these athletes is approximately normal but micronutrients intake status in these athletes needs to be investigated further and longer.

Age determination using ultrasonography in young football players.

BACKGROUND: Increasing of age cheating in sports makes problems to athletes comparable to taking illegal substances. Current method used by AFC and FIFA is applying MRI of growth plate of distal of radius to determine the bone age. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in bone age determination by measuring the width of growth plate in distal of radius, and comparing it with identity documents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from September to December 2009 in the Department of Radiology at Al-Zahra University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Ultrasonography was done for 82 (15-20 years old) young professional football players and results were compared with identity documents (such as National ID card). Young football players were divided into three age categories: < 16 and > 16 years old, < 17 and > 17 years old, and < 18 and > 18 years old. Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves for discriminant values and sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: Cut-off point was set for each group, based on the width of the growth plate, and negative test was defined as subjects < cut-off point, showing subjects over the defined age in each group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates consistently acceptable diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values in age determination of each group. CONCLUSIONS: The overall predictive accuracy of ultrasonography, as described by the area under the ROC curve, was high for determination of bone age. It has an acceptable sensitivity and specificity to use for determination of age in sport competitions, and has the capability to become the screening test for age determination, especially because it is inexpensive and without any risk of radiation. It seems to be comparable with MRI in age determination.

Dietary behaviors and nutritional assessment of young male isfahani wrestlers.

BACKGROUND: Young athletes have more nutritional needs than other adolescents because of physical activity and physical development. Optimal athletic performance results from a combination of factors including training, body composition, and nutrition. Despite the increased interest in nutrition and use of dietary supplements to enhance performance, some athletes might be consuming diets that are less than optimal. In wrestling it is common practice to optimize one's body composition and body weight prior to a competition season. This often includes a change in dietary intake or habits. METHODS: Twenty-eight wrestlers, between the ages of 17 and 25 years, participated in this study. Dietary intakes of micro and macro nutrients were collected by face-to-face interview, structured food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary intake of energy, carbohydrates, fats and proteins and micronutrients was evaluated. RESULTS: Mean intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins and fat were higher than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). The mean intakes of all vitamins and minerals were higher than the RDAs in these wrestlers, except for vitamin D, biotin, zinc, iodine, chrome and molybdenum. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our results, nutritional education should be given to these subjects and their families for promoting healthy eating habits.

Effect of eight weeks of quercetin supplementation on exercise performance, muscle damage and body muscle in male badminton players.

BACKGROUND: Quercetin is a bioflavonoid which occurs in many food items. Some previous studies on quercetin showed inconsistent results on exercise performance, muscle damage and body muscle in athletes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of quercetin supplementation on exercise performance, muscle damage indices and body muscle in badminton players. METHODS: This placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 26 badminton players for eight weeks. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive quercetin (1000 mg) or placebo (1000 mg dextrose). VO2 and time to exhaustion (TTE) for measuring performance and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured before and after intervention. Plasma sample swere obtained for the determination of plasma lactate before and after intervention. RESULTS: Lactate concentration, body fat percentage and VO2 max did not show any significant difference (P > 0/05) after eight weeks of supplementation with placebo and quercetin between two groups and within one group. There was a significant increase in TTE after intervention in the quercetin group (P < 0/05) but a significant change was not observed in the placebo group (P > 0/05). CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows that intake of quercetin may improve endurance exercise performance but may not reduce the body fat percentage.

Effects of Six Weeks of ß-alanine Administration on VO(2) max, Time to Exhaustion and Lactate Concentrations in Physical Education Students.

OBJECTIVES: Supplementation with ß-alanine has been proposed to improve performance in some exercises such as cycling and running. Also, it has been demonstrated that great deals of proton ions are produced in the skeletal muscles during exercise that result in acidosis, whereas ß-alanine may reduce this effect. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of alanine supplementation on VO(2) max, time to exhaustion and lactate concentrations in physical education male students. METHODS: Thirty-nine male physical education students volunteered for this study. Participants were supplemented orally for 6 week with either ß-alanine (5*400 mg/d) or placebo (5*400 mg dextrose/d), randomly. VO(2) max and time to exhaustion (TTE) with a continuous graded exercise test (GXT) on an electronically braked cycle ergometer; and serum lactate and glucose concentrations were measured before and after supplementation. RESULTS: Supplementation with ß-alanine showed a significant increase in VO(2) max (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in TTE and lactate concentrations (P<0.05). A significant elevation in lactate concentrations and a non significant increase in TTE were observed in placebo group. Plasma glucose concentrations did not change significantly in two groups after intervention. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that ß-alanine supplementation can reduce lactate concentrations during exercise and thus can improve exercise performance in endurance athletes.